1. Hierarchy is Everywhere
Age, title, rank, and social position quietly shape conversations, meetings, introductions, and even who speaks first. Informal friendliness does not always mean equality.
RELOCATING TO KOREA
Life Begins with your ARC
Medical Checkup
- Hold that thought - go make your immigration appointment first. There's a 5-6 week backlog.
- The “medical checkup” for your ARC isn't a full health exam — it's a public health center test mostly for TB and drug screening.
- You can't just go anywhere — only designated hospitals or public health centers can do it. Try this one.
- Bring your passport, 2 photos, and around ₩60,000–₩90,000 in cash.
-Go early in the morning; they often stop taking walk-ins by 10:30 AM.
- The results usually take 3–5 business days , and you'll need the printed results for your ARC application.
Pro tip: If you're living long-term, ask for a copy in English — you'll need it again for jobs, visas, or gym memberships.
Immigration Office
- Make your appointment online at HiKorea.go.kr as soon as possible — slots fill up 5-6 weeks in advance .
- Bring: passport, 1 photo, application form, health check result, any other required documents (see HiKorea.go.kr) and cash for the card fee.
- You'll get a receipt with your registration number — keep this safe! You'll use it for banking and other setups before your card arrives.
- The ARC takes 3–6 weeks , so plan ahead before any travel.
- If you move, you must update your address at immigration within 14 days — or face a fine.
Pro tip: Make sure you know which immigration office to go to. There are several and each one covers a different region.
Mobile Service
- You can't get a full postpaid plan until your ARC arrives, but you can get a prepaid SIM with just your passport or ARC receipt.
- Prepaid SIMs (EG SIM, Chingu Mobile, KT Olleh roaming desks, etc.) let you have a real phone number for banking and deliveries.
- Once your ARC is issued, you can switch to a postpaid plan (monthly billing) and register your number with KakaoTalk.
- If you're planning on getting a new phone, don't expect to have any brand options outside of Apple and Samsung.
- On the plus side, Samsung has fantastic repair and warranty service centers that are cheap and fast.
Pro tip: Get your SIM before you go to the bank — the bank's app and SMS verification will need that number.
Bank Account
- Most banks (Shinhan, KEB Hana, KB, Woori) will open an account with your ARC receipt and a Korean phone number (even prepaid).
- At first, your account may have restrictions on wire transfers or withdrawals — these lift once you show your actual ARC.
- Bring your lease agreement or a piece of mail with your Korean address — they'll often ask for it.
- You'll get a bankbook and debit card — yes, the debit card works for most online payments.
- Once you have a bank account and number, you can finally start registering for everything else (Coupang, KakaoPay, etc.).
Pro tip: Ask up front for a visa card that has a T-money chip built in. It works independent of your bank account, so you'll still need to top up. But it'll save space in your wallet. Later you can get a credit card that adds it to your bill once a month.
Begin Life
- Everything is built around your ARC + Korean phone number + bank account — that's your “digital identity.”
-Once you have those three, you can:
- Create accounts on Coupang , KakaoTalk , Naver , Baemin (food delivery) , Coupang Eats , Toss , etc.
- Order delivery without cash — everything uses account or card auto-pay .
- Set up Naver Map or KakaoMap with saved home/work addresses.
- Sign into almost every service using your digital certificate issued by your bank.
Pro tip: You'll start feeling “settled” once you can order delivery, book train tickets, and pay bills online — that's the real milestone.
Getting Around Korea
Address Systems
Pro tip: Search for a partial address on the government Road Name Address tool and select the correct address from the search results. Then view the correct format for both systems in English or Korean.
Naver Maps (or Kakao Maps)
Google Maps is rubbish in Korea. You'll want to use Naver or Kakao instead.
Naver Maps is now available in English for your phone. On desktop, a translation browser extension will translate most labels and menus but not location information.
Learn these tricks to get the most out of Naver Maps.
- Choose default, satellite, or topography style maps at the top right.
- Turn on bike and hiking trails within the same menu.
- Display or hide your bookmarked locations.
- Turn on street view to look for landmarks before you leave.
- Click on a location, then use the "To" or "From" buttons to get instant directions.
- Zoom in on some train stations and shopping malls to see underground levels.
- Set up a Naver account to save favorites, book train tickets, and make reservations.
Pro tip: Naver Maps does not do well with English search terms. You'll want to translate it first or just zoom in to find what you need and select it manually.
Driving in Korea
Driving here is not as bad as it seems. You just need a few insights.
- Naver and Kakao maps are your best friend.
- Turn-by-turn Navigation will show colored lines to indicate what lane to follow at interchanges.
- Those colored lines are also painted on the road in real life making it very easy to follow.
- You'll want to turn the volume up in Navigation mode so you can hear alerts about speed cameras.
- Koreans often merge with little notice (or space) but will turn on their flashers to say thank you.
- Get a HiPass card to glide through tolls without stopping.
Parking on the other hand is a nightmare.
- There's no free parking in Seoul. But... you can still get it for free if you know how.
- If you buy anything in the building you park at, you can usually get parking validated.
- Numbered street parking is NOT available for public use.
- Many times on side streets without designated spots, you can simply park where space is available as long as you don't block a business and leave space for others to drive past.
- But remember, street parking is never guaranteed. Try at Emart or a shopping complex instead.
- Double parking is a thing in Korea. To manage this, people leave a contact number on the dash.
- Try an app like Kakao T to find available parking spots in advance.
Pro tip: Driving is great for weekend trips out of town, groceries, or church on a Sunday morning. For daily commuting though, you're more likely to get there on time using buses or trains.
Buses and Trains
Ways to pay
- You probably know about T-money cards, but if you're commuting regularly inside city limits, consider getting a Climate Card instead.
- For extra convenience, ask your bank for a credit card that has a T-money chip built in so you never have to top up.
- Got on the wrong platform? No problem, you can exit and enter within 10 minutes for no extra charge.
- Make sure you tap your card when you get off the bus to avoid getting overcharged.
The buses are color coded...mostly.
- Blue buses run routes that traverse the city.
- Green ones run a circut route within a neighborhood.
- Red buses are rapid buses connecting downtown to the metropolitan areas.
- Yellow buses connect tourist hotspots. (Yellow routes online but purple buses in real life)
-Not sure how to find the right bus? Get directions from Naver Maps to find route options and arrival times.
The subway is huge and often crowded but very efficient.
- Underground signage is your best friend. Get used to reading the signs carefully. Most will have English.
- Trains usually indicate their final stop. But this is not always the last stop on the line.
- So know the final stop, but also know some of the other key stations along the line.
- Some lines have branches, so after finding the right platform, check the marquee to see which one the next train is going to.
- Some lines also have express and all-stop trains. Know which kind of stop you'll be getting off at before you board.
- Stations along Line 1 (blue) have multiple platforms for different branches and/or express trains. Check the signs carefully before going up/down to the platform.
- Once you're on the correct platform, use Naver Maps or the route maps on the barrier to find which door on the train is closest to the transfer/exit.
Pro tip: Get directions on Naver Maps and hit "Go" to get alerts when to get off the bus or train so you never miss a stop.
Intercity Travel — Tickets & Traps
The fastest way to get across Korea is via KTX/ITX/SRT trains.
- KTX/ITX and SRT are separate and have separate apps to sell tickets.
- The Korail app sells tickets for all trains and has English but it can be glitchy. Buy tickets on a desktop computer for a smoother experience. For foreign credit cards, use Trip.com.
- Be sure to buy tickets ahead of time as they often sell out.
- Standing tickets are also available. After a few stops, you may even be able to sit down.
- Most likely no one will check your ticket, but keep it close just in case.
Intercity buses are cheaper with more destinations.
- All roads lead to Rome (Seoul). Nearly every town or city has a bus terminal with routes to Seoul.
- Expect most intercity buses to stop at a highway rest stop if the route is longer than 2 hours.
- When you get off at a rest stop, take a moment to remember your bus number and parking spot. (There will be dozens of similar buses parked nearby.)
- Seoul has several different bus terminals. Which one you use depends on what part of the country you're headed to.
- Express Bus Terminal is actually two separate terminals. Be sure you know which one you leave from.
- Buses are the best way to travel if you have a bike (or other large awkard items). Just secure it on its side in the luggage compartment below.
- There are Express buses (Gosok Bus) and regular intercity buses (Si-oe Bus) .
- Tickets can be purchased on the app (Korean) or online (English).
-Sometimes it's easier to just check schedules and remaining seats online and then buy tickets at the terminal.
Pro tip: Knowing which train or bus company to use can be confusing. Start with Naver Maps to find route options. Then get online to buy tickets from the appropriate site once you know your route.
Rush Hour
Prepare for a new kind of closeness.
- If you need to commute during rush hour, you can forget about personal space.
- Leaving before 8 am or before 4 pm can make a world of difference.
- Don't drive. Just don't. Nor should you take a taxi during rush hour.
- Plan ahead. And leave early. You might need to wait in line for 2 or 3 trains before you get on.
- Know what side the door will open at your stop. Maneuver to that side bit by bit at every stop.
- But don't hang out directly in front of the door, because you'll get pushed back farther into the train.
- Naeril-gaeyo (I'm getting off) and jamshi-manyo (excuse me a moment) are essential phrases. Don't be shy about using them.
- Move your bag to your front to make more room for people behind you .
Pro tip: Make sure all your belongings are in a bag that you can hang in front of you so your hands are free to hold on to a bar.
01. Trash & Recycling System
Most people know you need to sort your trash. But the rules can seem illusive. Here's a few rules of thumb:
Food and non-recyclables go in labeled bags that you can purchase at local stores.
Egg shells, bones, pits, cobbs, tea bags, coffee grounds, and liquids do NOT go in food trash.
You can either freeze your food trash or keep it in an air tight bin designed for food trash until you take it out.
Recyclable items should, in theory, be relatively clean. If you can't clean it, it goes in the trash.
Trash pickup is on a specific day. Do NOT put out your trash early.
Trash and recycling is hyper-local. Different style housing has different style accommodation.
Larger buildings have collection points with staff on hand to help sort if you have questions.
Residents in smaller buildings leave it out on the sidewalk on pickup days.
Sometimes, there's a neighborhood bin for food trash. It might not be in front of your building.
02. Language, Translation, and English Help
1330 (Korea Tourism Hotline) → Free 24-hour English (and other language) helpline for anything — directions, emergencies, translations with taxi drivers, etc.
1345 (Immigration Helpline) → English support for visa, ARC, and residency issues.
Ddanzi Kakao Open Chat, “Every Expat in Korea,” and other local expat Kakao groups are lifesavers for quick, honest answers.
Google Translate’s camera feature works surprisingly well for signs and packaging, but Papago is better for natural Korean.
Chrome's built-in translation extension works well on most websites.
Tip: If you get stuck in a bureaucratic situation, call 1330 and hand your phone to the official — they'll translate live.
03. Landlord & Housing Stuff
Korean rentals are either jeonse or wolse .
Both involve a deposit, but jeonse deposits range from 50-80% of the value of the home and involve zero monthly rent.
Wolse deposits range from KRW 5-50 million with rent decreasing by 50,000/mo for every 5-10 million won increase in your deposit.
Everything goes through a realtor (real estate) . You can look online, but those listings will mostly just connect you to realtors who have other listings.
Expect to move fast. You'll have minutes to look at a place and if you don't jump on it that day, it might not be available the next day.
You can find "full-option" officetels (apartments in multi-use buildings) that have a refrigerator and washing maching. But in many cases, you'll need to bring or buy your own.
Some Koreans believe that it's the new tenants responsibility to clean the unit. So you may find some places that are not ready to move-in.
Or you may find a landlord that wants to charge you a cleaning fee when you move out.
The Gu office has a mediation center for housing disputes — very fair and often English-friendly.
04. Public Toilets
Korea has tons of public restrooms, but they can be hard to find.
Naver Maps shows “public restroom,” while KakaoMap often doesn’t.
Department stores and large cafes almost always have clean restrooms without purchase required.
Subway stations are also a safe bet, and some parks have public toilets.
The secret though is comercial buildings often have toilets in between floors in the stairway. Try going up a floor or two in any building with restaurants and shops.
Carry your own tissues — many bathrooms have soap but no paper.
Make sure you plan ahead. Some older bathrooms place the toilet paper inside the stalls.
05. Banking, ATMs & Digital Certificates
Koreans share their bank account number as easily as their phone number.
Some shops will give you a better price if you can transfer the money directly instead of using your card.
Korean banks still rely heavily on digital certificates (joint certificates) for login and online payments.
You'll need to issue one inside your banking app after you open your account — it's required for nearly everything online.
ATMs allow transfers, deposits, and bill payments, but they often shut down after midnight for maintenance.
Most ATMs are language-friendly (English menu).
ATMs located at a bank (any bank, not just your bank) don't usually charge a fee. Those at convenience stores do.
Your bank debit card will work for online purchases, but you'll often need to register it for online use inside the app first.
Calling the bank customer service line might be easy as they always have English speaking staff.
The app Toss makes sending money, splitting bills, and paying utilities easier than most traditional banks.
06. Seoul Global Village Center
Think of this as a community resource center for foreigners .
There are several around Seoul (eg, Itaewon, Seorae, Seongbuk, Gangnam).
They offer free translation help, legal advice, Korean language classes, and even tax or immigration consultations.
You can also get help filling out online forms or making phone calls in Korean.
It's one of the few places where government-level support actually feels personal.
07. Paying Utilities
Utility bills (gas, water, electricity, internet) come monthly — often by mail or KakaoTalk message .
Bills usually have a virtual bank account number listed for each of the national banks. This number is unique for you, so you can simply transfer the money to that bank account number.
You can also pay:
-At the bank ATM (scan the barcode)
-Through your bank app (look for “utility bills” or “giro number”)
-Or auto-pay through your account
08. Big & Tall Sizes
Clothing sizes in Korea run very small — even “XL” often fits like a Western medium.
For shoes, anything above 280mm (~US 10.5) is rare in stores.
Best sources: Uniqlo (largest fits), ABC Mart Grand Stage , and online import stores like G market Global, Coupang Global, or MUSINSA Standard Plus.
There's also “Big Size Korea” and “Big Size Mall” websites specializing in Western fits.
Also if you're close enough, there are shops in Itaewon that offer larger sizes.
09. Where to Find Things
Daiso – every household item you can imagine, from slippers to Tupperware. Think Dollar Store meets Walmart.
Coupang / Naver Smart Store – fastest delivery for literally everything.
HiMart – electronics and appliances.
Olive Young – health and beauty.
Homeplus / E-Mart / Lotte Mart – closest equivalent to a Western supermarket.
Itaewon, Hannam, Gwanghwamun – best areas for foreign/import foods.
The “Naver Café” communities (like “Seoul Expat Marketplace”) are great for secondhand items and English Q&A.
Daangn (Carrot) is the Korean version of Craigslist. People buy and sell used items. Arrange with the seller/buyer where to meet and how to pay.
Namdaemun Market has an underground section that has every import item you can imagine that you can't find at EMart including Ranch dressing. Look for the steps going down between two of the main buildings.
Bangsan Market is famous for bakery products, cooking utensils, and packaging supplies. Since Koreans don't bake much, you won't find a lot of baking tools and ingredients at Emart. Look for the covered alleys outside the main building and closer to the main road.
Yongsan Station is the place for electronics. There's an indoor market place inside the iPark complex. There's also the Yongsan Electronics Market and several other buildings to the west of Yongsan Station/iPark Mall outside Exit 3.
Korea has excellent medical care, but the system works very differently from what many foreigners expect.
Most problems happen not because care is unavailable, but because people go to the wrong place, at the wrong time, expecting the wrong process.
This guide focuses on the things people usually only learn after a stressful late-night hospital visit.
Part 1: Before You Need Help — How the System Works
Part 2: Right Now — Where Should I Go?
Part 4: Quick Search Reference
Part 1: Before You Need Help — How the System Works
Korea's 3-Tier Medical System
Korean medical facilities are divided into three levels.
Understanding this saves time, money, and frustration.
1. Primary Care
Clinics
Used for:
-colds and flu
-fevers
-ear infections
-skin problems
-prescriptions
-blood pressure
-vaccinations
-children's illnesses
-minor injuries
This is where most treatment should begin.
Not the hospital.
2. Secondary Care
Hospitals
Used for:
-inpatient treatment
-surgery
-specialist treatment
-more serious testing
-conditions needing admission
Usually after clinic evaluation.
3. Tertiary Care
University / Major General Hospitals
Used for:
-cancer care
-major surgery
-severe trauma
-complex diagnosis
-serious specialist treatment
-major emergencies
Examples include:
-Severance Hospital
-Asan Medical Center
-Samsung Medical Center
-Seoul National University Hospital
These are not designed for routine care.
The Referral Rule That Surprises Foreigners
Many people assume:
“Big hospital = better hospital, so I should go there first.”
In Korea, this often creates problems.
For non-emergency treatment, tertiary hospitals usually require:
Referral Slip
from:
-a clinic
-a local hospital
Without one, you may face:
-significantly higher out-of-pocket costs
-very long waiting times
-refusal of non-emergency treatment
Referrals are generally not required for:
-true emergencies
-childbirth
-dentistry
-rehabilitation medicine
-family medicine
-hemophilia treatment
Many expats learn this the hard way.
Why Some “Emergencies” Get Rejected
This is one of the most frustrating surprises for foreigners. Something that feels urgent to you may not be considered an emergency by the ER.
Examples:
Emergency rooms prioritize:
You may be told to visit:
… instead.
This is normal in Korea.
Facial Cuts and Stitches: A Very Common Surprise
For facial wounds requiring stitches, many ERs may refuse treatment if the injury is stable.
Why...? Because:
-ERs prioritize life-threatening emergencies
-plastic surgery clinics often provide better cosmetic suturing
Many locals go directly to:
Plastic Surgery Clinic
Especially for:
-forehead cuts
-chin wounds
-facial lacerations in children
Dental Emergencies Are Separate
Normal emergency rooms often do not handle:
-broken teeth
-severe tooth infections
-dental trauma
-orthodontic emergencies
You may need:
dental hospital
University Dental Hospital
-night dental clinic
… not the standard ER.
Very important distinction.
The Real Problem at Night Is Often the Pharmacy
Many foreigners assume:
hospital = medicine
Often, that is not how it works.
Usually the process is:
1. Doctor consultation
2. Paper prescription
3. Separate pharmacy visit
At night or on weekends, finding the open pharmacy can be harder than finding the doctor.
This surprises almost everyone.
TOP
Part 2: Right Now — Where Should I Go?
Emergency — Call 119
119 is Korea's ambulance and emergency dispatch service.
Equivalent to 911 in the US
No referral needed.
Do not waste time searching online.
Urgent But Not Life-Threatening
Use:
This is where most foreigners get confused.
Regular Medical Care
Usually start with:
Local Clinic
Not a university hospital.
This saves both money and time.
At 2 AM is not the time to start searching.
Know in advance:
Parents should prepare this before they need it.
For:
you may need:
...not the regular ER.
TOP
Part 3: Tools You Should Know
Call 1339
Medical guidance hotline
English-speaking support available
They can help you find:
Often much more useful than random map searching.
Call 119
For true emergencies and ambulance dispatch.
Do not use this for routine clinic advice.
Use it when urgent transport or emergency response is needed.
E-GEN (National Emergency Medical Information Center)
Useful for real-time searches of:
-open hospitals
-emergency rooms
-night clinics
-weekend pharmacies
Website:
Very useful during nights, weekends, and holidays.
Many major hospitals operate:
International Patient Centers
These provide:
-English-speaking coordinators
-appointment assistance
-specialist referrals
-help with complex treatment planning
Advance appointments are strongly recommended.
Common options include:
-Severance Hospital
-Asan Medical Center
-Samsung Medical Center
-Seoul National University Hospital
These are often best for:
-specialists
-surgery
-serious ongoing conditions
-international patient support
Not usually the best first stop for simple illness.
TOP
Part 4: Quick Search Reference
Useful Korean terms for Naver / Kakao Maps searches
General
Emergency Room — 응급실
24-Hour Hospital — 24시간 병원
Night Clinic — 야간진료
Pharmacy — 약국
Open Pharmacy — 열린 약국
Common Departments
Internal Medicine — 내과
Family Medicine — 가정의학과
Pediatrics — 소아과
Orthopedics — 정형외과
ENT — 이비인후과
Dermatology — 피부과
Ophthalmology — 안과
OB-GYN — 산부인과
Urology — 비뇨기과
Psychiatry — 정신건강의학과
Dental
Dental Clinic — 치과
Orthodontics — 치과교정과
Oral Surgery — 구강악안면외과
Pediatric Dentist — 소아치과
Special Situations
Plastic Surgery Clinic — 성형외과
Vaccination Clinic — 예방접종 클리닉
Health Checkup Center — 건강검진센터
TOP
Not the obvious language barrier or food differences—the quieter cultural frictions that tend to appear after the honeymoon phase ends.
“The hardest part is not arriving. It’s realizing six months later that you still don’t fully understand the rules everyone else seems to know.”
Age, title, rank, and social position quietly shape conversations, meetings, introductions, and even who speaks first. Informal friendliness does not always mean equality.
A direct 'no' is often avoided. 'Maybe,' 'we'll check,' or silence may actually mean no. Many foreigners mistake politeness for agreement.
Trust networks and personal introductions often matter more than formal systems. Who knows you can matter as much as what you know.
Questions about age, salary, marriage, children, or appearance may come early. Often this is social sorting, not intended as rudeness.
Fast replies and fast decisions are expected. Delay can be read as inefficiency rather than caution.
Things happen quickly, but exceptions to policy can be surprisingly difficult. Efficiency is often prioritized over customization.
After-hours messages, social obligations, and implied availability can be normal even outside traditional corporate environments.
People may seem reserved in one setting and extremely expressive in another. Public politeness does not always predict private warmth.
Dress, grooming, and presentation are often seen as practical signals, not just vanity. First impressions are strongly visual.
Korea is socially dense, but real belonging can take time. Convenience and constant activity do not always create connection.
Even with strong Korean, years of residence, and deep familiarity with local systems, many people still feel treated as a temporary guest rather than simply another resident. This usually becomes noticeable later—not on arrival, but after settling in.
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